Openstack 中, 创建云主机时, 需要定义 flavor 类型, flavor 定义了每个云主机的硬件类型, 包括 cpu 个数, 内存大小, 硬盘大小(根盘), 作为通用类型, 我们不会把硬盘容量设定过大, 那么对于数据库用户或其他需要使用大容量磁盘的用户是不合适的.
特点:
云主机与云硬盘, 需要独立地创建, 独立管理云硬盘需要通过命令指定云主机进行连接方可使用云主机被删除, 云硬盘数据依旧存在每个云硬盘只可以与一个云主机进行连接, 不可并发同时访问云硬盘数据永久保存(除非手动删除)云主机硬盘创建在计算节点上, 云硬盘创建在共享存储中(ceph)
Openstack 中, 利用 cinder 命令对云硬盘进行增删改操作, 使用 nova命令对云主机中对云硬盘进行管理
Cinder 类型
[root@hh-yun-puppet-129021 ~(keystone_admin)]# cinder type-list
+--------------------------------------+----------------+
| ID | Name |
+--------------------------------------+----------------+
| 45fdd68a-ca0f-453c-bd10-17e826a1105e | CEPH-SATA |
| 4a323411-cd36-4282-b29d-c2f2d24191e9 | GLUSTERFS-SSD |
| 919dc90f-c559-44c9-bc68-2d1dfbe3cf8a | GLUSTERFS-SATA |
+--------------------------------------+----------------+当前生产环境下, 只使用到 CEPH-SATA 类型, GLUSTERFS 类型都已启用
在利用 cinder 命令创建云硬盘时, 我们需要指定 cinder type 的命名, 就是 CEPH-SATA
Cinder 后端服务
[root@hh-yun-puppet-129021 ~(keystone_admin)]# cinder service-list
+------------------+-------------------------------------+------+---------+-------+----------------------------+-----------------+
| Binary | Host | Zone | Status | State | Updated_at | Disabled Reason |
+------------------+-------------------------------------+------+---------+-------+----------------------------+-----------------+
| cinder-backup | hh-yun-cinder.vclound.com | nova | enabled | up | 2016-03-15T07:04:21.000000 | None |
| cinder-scheduler | hh-yun-cinder.vclound.com | nova | enabled | up | 2016-03-15T07:04:15.000000 | None |
| cinder-volume | hh-yun-cinder.vclound.com@CEPH_SATA | nova | enabled | up | 2016-03-15T07:04:19.000000 | None |
+------------------+-------------------------------------+------+---------+-------+----------------------------+-----------------+
| 进程 | 作用 |
|---|
| Cinder-backup | 用于创建快照等操作 |
| Cinder-scheduler | Cinder 调度器, 接受 api 指令 |
| Cinder-volume | Cinder api, 接受云盘增删改指令 |
请留意
cinder-volume 进程的host 定义, cinder-volume 服务在收到指定, 对云硬盘进行增删改操作时候, 需要找到 host (hh-yun-cinder.vclound.com@CEPH_SATA ), 配置文件(/etc/cinder/cinder.conf)中已完成定义.
创建云硬盘
cinder create --display-name 'user for db' --volume-type CEPH-SATA 20
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| attachments | [] |
| availability_zone | nova |
| bootable | false |
| created_at | 2016-03-14T09:24:52.000000 |
| display_description | None |
| display_name | user for db |
| encrypted | False |
| id | d1e1194f-d33b-4169-9ce2-6644fa111d89 |
| metadata | {u'readonly': u'False'} |
| os-vol-host-attr:host | hh-yun-cinder.vclound.com@CEPH_SATA |
| os-vol-mig-status-attr:migstat | None |
| os-vol-mig-status-attr:name_id | None |
| os-vol-tenant-attr:tenant_id | bb0b51d166254dc99bc7462c0ac002ff |
| size | 20 |
| snapshot_id | None |
| source_volid | None |
| status | available |
| user_id | 226e71f1c1aa4bae85485d1d17b6f0ae |
| volume_type | CEPH-SATA |
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| 参数 | 描述 |
|---|
| Display-name | 用于定义该云盘的显示名称 |
| Volume-type | 用于定义使用哪个 cinder 后端进行云盘创建 |
| 20 | 代表创建一个 20GB 的云盘 |
历史: 云平台早期同时使用了clusterfs 后端 ceph 后端两种, 后来过度只使用 ceph 后端
[root@hh-yun-puppet-129021 ~(keystone_admin)]# cinder list --display-name 'user for db'
+--------------------------------------+-----------+--------------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
| ID | Status | Display Name | Size | Volume Type | Bootable | Attached to |
+--------------------------------------+-----------+--------------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
| d1e1194f-d33b-4169-9ce2-6644fa111d89 | available | user for db | 20 | CEPH-SATA | false | |
+--------------------------------------+-----------+--------------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+挂载云盘
参考主机状态
[root@hh-yun-puppet-129021 ~(keystone_admin)]# nova show 7dcfee9a-9338-489b-a335-215b8441d67b | grep -E 'volumes_attached|vm_state|name'
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname | hh-yun-compute-130214.vclound.com |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name | instance-00017faf |
| OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | active |
| key_name | - |
| name | terry.gz.vclound.com |
| os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached | [] |利用 nova volume-attach 云主机id 云盘id 进行挂载
nova volume-attach 7dcfee9a-9338-489b-a335-215b8441d67b d1e1194f-d33b-4169-9ce2-6644fa111d89
+----------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+----------+--------------------------------------+
| device | /dev/vdc |
| id | d1e1194f-d33b-4169-9ce2-6644fa111d89 |
| serverId | 7dcfee9a-9338-489b-a335-215b8441d67b |
| volumeId | d1e1194f-d33b-4169-9ce2-6644fa111d89 |
+----------+--------------------------------------+挂载后, 再次参考主机状态
[root@hh-yun-puppet-129021 ~(keystone_admin)]# nova show 7dcfee9a-9338-489b-a335-215b8441d67b | grep -E 'volumes_attached|vm_state|name'
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname | hh-yun-compute-130214.vclound.com |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name | instance-00017faf |
| OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | active |
| key_name | - |
| name | terry.gz.vclound.com |
| os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached | [{"id": "d1e1194f-d33b-4169-9ce2-6644fa111d89"}] |
参考 volumes_attached 状态栏中, 出现了挂载了的云盘
假如有多个云硬盘被挂载, 该状态栏将会出现多个云盘 ID
卸载云盘
nova volume-detach 7dcfee9a-9338-489b-a335-215b8441d67b d1e1194f-d33b-4169-9ce2-6644fa111d89
数据库分析
参考下面信息
| X | 云主机 | 云盘 |
|---|
| ID | 7dcfee9a-9338-489b-a335-215b8441d67b | d1e1194f-d33b-4169-9ce2-6644fa111d89 |
已经把云盘挂载到云主机中 /dev/vdc 设备中
云盘信息在数据库中主要体现在两个表中
1. cinder.volumes (云盘创建后, 会在该表中添加云盘记录数据)
2. nova. block_device_mapping (云盘挂载后, 会在该表中添加挂载记录)
如上文, 创建了 user for db 云盘, 参考下面记录
mysql> select created_at, deleted, id, user_id, project_id, host, size, mountpoint, status, attach_time, display_name, attached_host from cinder.volumes where id='d1e1194f-d33b-4169-9ce2-6644fa111d89' \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
created_at: 2016-03-14 09:24:52
deleted: 0
id: d1e1194f-d33b-4169-9ce2-6644fa111d89
user_id: 226e71f1c1aa4bae85485d1d17b6f0ae
project_id: bb0b51d166254dc99bc7462c0ac002ff
host: hh-yun-cinder.vclound.com@CEPH_SATA
size: 20
mountpoint: NULL
status: available
attach_time: NULL
display_name: user for db
attached_host: NULL
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
| 列名 | 解释 |
|---|
| created_at | 云盘创建时间 |
| deleted | 0, 代表云盘可用, 非0, 代表云盘已经已删除 |
| id | 云盘 UUID |
| user_id | 云盘拥有者 |
| project_id | 云盘所属的 tenant |
| host | 云盘后端接口 |
| size | 云盘大小 (GB) |
| mountpoint | 挂载点 |
| status | deleted 代表云盘已经删除 |
| in-use 云盘已经完成挂载, 可用状态 |
| available 云盘空闲, 可以挂载, 删除 |
| detaching 云盘卸载中 |
| error 云盘错误, 需进行排错 |
| attaching | 云盘正在挂载 |
| attach_time | 云盘挂载的时间 |
| display_name | 云盘显示名称 |
注意, 当云盘被删除后, 上述数据中, deleted 显示非0 状态, status 显示 deleted 状态
当云盘挂载成功后, 参考下面表数据信息
mysql> select created_at, device_name, volume_id, volume_size, instance_uuid, deleted from nova.block_device_mapping where volume_id='d1e1194f-d33b-4169-9ce2-6644fa111d89' and deleted =0 \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
created_at: 2016-03-15 07:24:38
device_name: /dev/vdc
volume_id: d1e1194f-d33b-4169-9ce2-6644fa111d89
volume_size: NULL
instance_uuid: 7dcfee9a-9338-489b-a335-215b8441d67b
deleted: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
| 列名 | 解释 |
|---|
| created_at | 挂载云盘的时间记录 |
| device_name | 挂载后的虚拟磁盘设备 |
| volume_id | 云盘 UUID |
| deleted | 0, 代表云盘可用, 非0, 代表云盘已经已删除 |
| instance_uuid | 云主机 UUID |
注意, 当云盘被卸载后, deleted 显示非0 状态
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